Valentino F. Foit, Matthew Kleban

We argue that near-future detections of gravity waves from merging black hole binaries will either confirm or conclusively rule out a long-standing proposal, originally due Bekenstein and Mukhanov, that the areas of black hole horizons are quantized in integer multiples of the Planck area times an O(1) constant \alpha. A single measurement of the "ring down" phase after a binary merger, if consistent with the predictions of classical general relativity, will rule out most or all (depending on the spin of the hole) of the extant proposals in the literature for the value of \alpha. A measurement of two such events for final black holes with substantially different spins will rule out the proposal for any \alpha.

Wilmar Cardona, Martin Kunz, Valeria Pettorino

We re-analyse recent Cepheid data to estimate the Hubble parameter $H_0$ by using Bayesian hyper-parameters (HPs). We consider the two data sets from Riess et al 2011 and 2016 (labelled R11 and R16, with R11 containing less than half the data of R16) and include the available anchor distances (megamaser system NGC4258, detached eclipsing binary distances to LMC and M31, and MW Cepheids with parallaxes), use a weak metallicity prior and no period cut for Cepheids. We find that part of the R11 data is down-weighted by the HPs but that R16 is mostly consistent with expectations for a Gaussian distribution, meaning that there is no need to down-weight the R16 data set. For R16, we find a value of $H_0 = 73.75 \pm 2.11 \, \mathrm{km} \, \mathrm{s}^{-1} \, \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$ if we use HPs for all data points, which is about 2.6 $\sigma$ larger than the Planck 2015 value of $H_0 = 67.81 \pm 0.92 \,\mathrm{km}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1} \, \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$ and about 3.1 $\sigma$ larger than the updated Planck 2016 value $66.93 \pm 0.62 \,\mathrm{km}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1} \, \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$. We test the effect of different assumptions, and find that the choice of anchor distances affects the final value significantly. If we exclude the Milky Way from the anchors, then the value of $H_0$ decreases. We find however no evident reason to exclude the MW data. The HP method used here avoids subjective rejection criteria for outliers and offers a way to test datasets for unknown systematics.

Simon Knapen, Tongyan Lin, Kathryn M. Zurek

We examine in depth a recent proposal to utilize superfluid helium for direct detection of sub-MeV mass dark matter. For sub-keV recoil energies, nuclear scattering events in liquid helium primarily deposit energy into long-lived phonon and roton quasiparticle excitations. If the energy thresholds of the detector can be reduced to the meV scale, then dark matter as light as ~MeV can be reached with ordinary nuclear recoils. If, on the other hand, two or more quasiparticle excitations are directly produced in the dark matter interaction, the kinematics of the scattering allows sensitivity to dark matter as light as ~keV at the same energy resolution. We present in detail the theoretical framework for describing excitations in superfluid helium, using it to calculate the rate for the leading dark matter scattering interaction, where an off-shell phonon splits into two or more higher-momentum excitations. We validate our analytic results against the measured and simulated dynamic response of superfluid helium. Finally, we apply this formalism to the case of a kinetically mixed hidden photon in the superfluid, both with and without an external electric field to catalyze the processes.

Alejo Stark, Christopher J. Miller, Dragan Huterer

We present a novel approach to constrain accelerating cosmologies with galaxy cluster phase spaces. With the Fisher matrix formalism we forecast constraints on the cosmological parameters that describe the cosmological expansion history. We find that our probe has the potential of providing constraints comparable to, or even stronger than, those from other cosmological probes. More specifically, with 1000 (100) clusters uniformly distributed in redshift between $ 0 \leq z \leq 0.8$, after applying a conservative $40\%$ mass scatter prior on each cluster and marginalizing over all other parameters, we forecast $1\sigma$ constraints on the dark energy equation of state $w$ and matter density parameter $\Omega_M$ of $\sigma_w = 0.161 (0.508)$ and $\sigma_{\Omega_M} = 0.001 (0.005)$ in a flat universe. Assuming the same galaxy cluster parameter priors and adding a prior on the Hubble constant we can achieve tight constraints on the CPL parametrization of the dark energy equation of state parameters $w_0$ and $w_a$ with just 100 clusters: $\sigma_{w_0} = 0.10$ and $\sigma_{w_a} = 0.93$. Dropping the assumption of flatness and assuming $w=-1$ we also attain competitive constraints on the matter and dark energy density parameters: $\sigma_{\Omega_M} = 0.072$ and $\sigma_{\Omega_{\Lambda}} = 0.114$ for 100 clusters uniformly distributed between $ 0 \leq z \leq 0.6$. We also discuss various observational strategies for tightening constraints in both the near and far future.

Oscar Macias, Chris Gordon, Roland M. Crocker, Brendan Coleman, Dylan Paterson, Shunsaku Horiuchi, Martin Pohl

An anomalous signal has been found in Fermi Gamma-Ray Large Area Telescope data covering the center of the Galaxy. Given its morphological and spectral characteristics, this "Galactic Center Excess" is ascribable to self-annihilation of dark matter particles. We report on an analysis that exploits hydrodynamical modeling to register the position of interstellar gas associated with diffuse Galactic $\gamma$-ray emission. Our improved analysis reveals that the excess $\gamma$-rays are spatially correlated with both the X-shaped stellar over-density in the Galactic bulge and the nuclear stellar bulge. Given these correlations, we argue that the excess is not a dark matter phenomenon but rather associated with the stellar population of the X-bulge and the nuclear bulge.